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CNHRA PERSON RECORD · CNHRA-P-196704

Ding Jiaxi

丁家喜

Born

[6]

Occupation

Lawyer and civil-rights advocate

Role

Human Rights Defender

Record ID

CNHRA-P-196704

Biography

Ding entered Beihang in 1986 to study aircraft engines and later worked at Shenyang’s 606 Institute. He returned to Beihang for graduate study, qualified as a lawyer and resigned from an aviation research institute in June 1996 to enter law.[5]

After joining a law firm in 1997, he answered listeners’ legal questions through a radio programme. In his 2017 interview he said his engineering background helped with intellectual-property cases. He founded Dehong Law Firm in 2003 and led it until his detention in 2013.[5]

He later participated in the New Citizens Movement, advocating access to entrance examinations for migrant workers’ children where they lived and providing legal assistance and food to petitioners in Beijing.[2]

Detained in April 2013 over New Citizens Movement activities, Ding was sentenced the following year to three years and six months. He continued civic activities after completing that sentence in October 2016. After attending the Xiamen gathering in December 2019, he was taken into custody again and placed under residential surveillance at a designated location.[2][6]

The second case reached prosecution review in January 2021. After two rounds of supplementary investigation, prosecutors charged Ding with subversion of state power, including meetings, a website and training activities among their allegations.[6]

In April 2023 he was sentenced to twelve years in prison and three years’ deprivation of political rights for subversion of state power. China’s reply to the UN records the rejection of his appeal on November 24 that year. UN Special Procedures subsequently sought information on visits, medical care and detention conditions.[1][3][4]

In congressional testimony on February 1, 2024, Sophie Luo said the family learned that he had been transferred to Jiangbei Prison in Hubei in November 2023. She also reported that the families had not received the judgments at the time of the hearing.[7]

Case Summary

Ding received three and a half years in the earlier case and was released in 2016. Taken again on December 26, 2019, he was placed under residential surveillance at a designated location and formally arrested on June 19, 2020. Opinion No. 30/2021 records denied lawyer visits and finds categories I, II, III and V arbitrary detention.[2]

China’s replies record a twelve-year sentence and three years’ deprivation of political rights for subversion, announced by Linyi Intermediate Court on April 10, 2023, and upheld on November 24. A 2025 Special Procedures communication differs on the first-instance date and court name and seeks information on access, medical care and treatment.[1][3][4]

Timeline

1986

Enters Beihang to study aircraft engines

Year and subject recalled in his 2017 interview.[5]

1996-06

Moves from aviation research to law

He left an aviation research institute to enter the legal profession, a career change he later recounted in an interview.[5]

1997

Legal practice and radio advice

According to his interview, he joined a law firm and answered legal questions on radio.[5]

2003-04-16

Founds Dehong Law Firm

He recalled that the firm received approval on this date.[5]

2010

Begins rights advocacy

The Working Group opinion records advocacy for migrant children’s examination access and assistance to petitioners in Beijing.[2]

2013-04

Detention linked to the New Citizens Movement

Ding was detained in connection with New Citizens Movement activities and later sentenced to three years and six months.

His public activities during this period concerned examination opportunities for migrant children and assistance to petitioners. The later published indictment records a three-and-a-half-year sentence on April 18, 2014 and release on October 16, 2016. These records distinguish the first case from the separate prosecution following the 2019 Xiamen gathering.[2][6]

2014-04-18

Earlier sentence of three years and six months

Beijing’s Haidian court sentenced Ding to three years and six months, as recounted in the later indictment.[6]

2016-10-16

Completes earlier sentence

He completed his three-year-and-six-month sentence and was released, subsequently continuing civic activities.[6]

2019-12-26

Taken into custody again

The Working Group opinion recounts police taking Ding from a residence in Beijing.[2]

2019-12-27

Placed under RSDL

The indictment records criminal detention on December 26 followed by RSDL the next day.[6]

2020-06-19

Formally arrested

The opinion records formal arrest by Linyi police after RSDL, initially on an inciting-subversion charge.[2]

2020-07-08

Lawyer denied a visit

Paragraph 20 of Opinion No. 30/2021 records counsel traveling to the detention center without obtaining a visit.[2]

2020-08-04

Renewed visit request denied

The Working Group opinion records the denial of another request to meet counsel.[2]

2021-01-19

Case referred for prosecution review

The case was referred to the Linyi procuratorate for prosecution review.[6]

2021-01-21

Notice of right to retain counsel

The indictment records notice of the right to retain defense counsel.[6]

2021-03-06

First return for supplementary investigation

The case was returned for supplementary investigation and resubmitted on April 6.[6]

2021-05-21

Second return for supplementary investigation

The second supplementary investigation was followed by resubmission on June 21.[6]

2021-08-05

Procuratorate issues indictment

Indictment Z42 (2021) charges subversion; its descriptions of meetings and activities are prosecution allegations.

The published indictment records referral for prosecution on January 19 and returns for supplementary investigation on March 6 and May 21, listing gatherings, a website and training among the allegations. It shows how prosecutors constructed the case. Its allegations are not by themselves established judicial facts, and the document is distinct from the later judgment in Xu Zhiyong’s case.[6]

2021-09-08

Arbitrary-detention opinion adopted

The Working Group found categories I, II, III and V arbitrary detention and called for immediate release, compensation and investigation.[2]

2023-04-10

Twelve-year first-instance sentence

China’s reply records a sentence of twelve years and three years’ deprivation of political rights imposed by Linyi Intermediate People’s Court.

The government reply dates the first-instance sentence to April 10, records twelve years’ imprisonment and three years’ deprivation of political rights, and states that the appeal was rejected on November 24. In 2024, Luo Shengchun separately testified that the family learned of his transfer to Jiangbei Prison in Hubei in November 2023 but had still not received the judgment. Sentencing, appeal and prison transfer are separate stages.[1][3][7]

2023-11

Family reports prison transfer

Luo’s February 2024 testimony reports that Ding was transferred to Jiangbei Prison in Hubei.[7]

2023-11-24

Appeal rejected

China’s reply and the Front Line Defenders case update both record Shandong High People’s Court rejecting the appeal and upholding the judgment.[3][8]

2013-04

Ding Jiaxi: New Citizens Movement Detention and Sentence Completion, 2013–2016

丁家喜2013年新公民运动相关拘押与刑满获释

CNHRA-E-559198

View Event Record →

2019-12-26

Xu Zhiyong and Ding Jiaxi: Detention, Trials and Subsequent Developments after the Xiamen Gathering

厦门聚会后许志永、丁家喜的拘押、审判与后续

CNHRA-E-527418

View Event Record →

Documents

Sources

  1. [1]

    CNHRA-S-307581Government of the People's Republic of China (UN Special Procedures Communications Database)

    Evidence location: HRC/NONE/2023/SP/38, section A, The cases of Xu Zhiyong and Ding Jiaxi: sentences, procedural rights and appeals.

  2. [2]

    CNHRA-S-913785UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention

    Evidence location: Paragraphs 4–5, 8, 19 and 85–89; adoption date at end, 8 September 2021.

  3. [3]

    CNHRA-S-188382Government of China / United Nations

    Evidence location: PDF cover dated 29 April 2025; sections I.A, I.B, I.D and III.

  4. [4]

    CNHRA-S-721486UN Special Procedures

    Evidence location: PDF pp. 1–5; sections on Ding Jiaxi, Gao Zhisheng, Huang Qi and Ilham Tohti; questions to the government.

  5. [5]

    CNHRA-S-973097China Change

    Evidence location: Growing up, and college years; Ten years as a business lawyer.

  6. [6]

    CNHRA-S-890395临沂市人民检察院 / China Change

    Evidence location: Five pages, indictment Z42 (2021); page 1 procedural dates; page 5 signature date. Indictment page 1: birth year; month and day redacted.

  7. [7]

    CNHRA-S-384320Congressional-Executive Commission on China

    Evidence location: Page 1: family account of prison transfers in November 2023.

  8. [8]

    CNHRA-S-139204Front Line Defenders

    Evidence location: Case update: appeal rejected November 24, 2023; wife reports denial of full judgment.

Record ID: CNHRA-P-196704